In order to generate RF field and to detect RF absorption a gate dip-meter equipped with a FET transistor is used. The cathode ray tube is placed within a Helmholtz coils system supplied by a sawtooth current generator. Stoican, O.Ībsorption of the RF energy by the electron beam in a cathode ray tube due to the cyclotron resonance is described. Moreover, the possibility to treat simultaneously both CRT and lamp powders is very important and interesting from an industrial point of view since it could be possible to run a single plant treating fluorescent powder coming from two different electronic wastesĬyclotron resonance in a cathode ray tube In any case, the purity of final products from CRT, lamps, and MIX is greater than 95%. Yttrium loss can be reduced to minimum changing the experimental conditions with respect to the case of the CRT process. The lower yields obtained during treatments of MIX and lamp powders are probably due to the co-precipitation of yttrium together with other metals contained in the lamps powder only. In the optimal experimental conditions, the recoveries of yttrium oxide are about 95%, 55%, and 65% for CRT, lamps, and CRT/lamp mixture (called MIX) powders, respectively. Experimental results have shown that process conditions necessary to purify the solutions and recover yttrium strongly depend on composition of the leach liquor, in other words, whether the powder comes from treatment of CRTs or lamp. The process for treating these materials includes the following: (a) acid leaching, (b) purification of the leach liquors using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, (c) precipitation of yttrium using oxalic acid, and (d) calcinations of oxalates for production of yttrium oxides. Abstract: In this paper, yttrium recovery from fluorescent powder of lamps and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) is described. • Economic simulation for the processes to recover yttrium from WEEE. • Recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powders. • Fluorescent powder of cathode ray rubes. Highlights: • Fluorescent powder of lamps. Recovery of yttrium from cathode ray tubes and lamps’ fluorescent powders: experimental results and economic simulation A first version of a mock-up is presented, and experimental results are presented and discussed. In the next part, the author addresses some theoretical aspects of corrections to be made for spot deflection, spot focussing, and spot brightness. The author describes a cathode ray tube, presents different methods to obtain a colour image (mask tube, electron penetration tube, and intensity change tube), discusses the choice of a cathode ray tube type, and describes its use in a display console. The objective of this research thesis is to study the possibility to obtain a colour image which can be used in cathode ray tube display console. Use of an electron penetration cathode ray tube in a colour display console The experimental results reviewed here include A-site and B-site segregations, lattice expansion, oxidation-state changes during cell operations and liquid-phase infiltration and coarsening of cathode to electrolyte backbone The epitaxial thin film model cathodes for XR, TXRF, and HRD measurements are made by pulse laser deposition and porous film cathodes for USAX measurements are made by screen printing technique. The X- ray techniques used include X- ray reflectivity (XR), total-reflection X- ray fluorescence (TXRF), high-resolution diffraction (HRD), ultra-small angle X- ray scattering (USAXS). Abstract: Synchrotron-based X- ray techniques have been used to study in situ the structural and chemical changes of film cathodes during half-cell operations. •Liquid-phase infiltration and coarsening processes of cathode materials into porous YSZ electrolyte backbone were monitored by USAXS. •The surface and subsurface of the LSM and LSCF films have different oxidation-states due to vacancy concentration changes. •Chemical lattice expansions show that oxygen- cathode interface is the primary source of rate-limiting processes. •A-site and B-site cations actively segregate or desegregate on the changes of temperature, pO 2, and electrochemical potential. Highlights: •Synchrotron X- rays are used to study in operando the structural and chemical changes of LSM and LSCF film cathodes during half-cell operations. International Nuclear Information System (INIS)įuoss, Paul Chang, Kee-Chul You, Hoydoo In situ X- ray studies of film cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells
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